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<p>Strigolactones (SLs) are a novel class of plant hormones with multifaceted roles in plant growth, development, and secondary metabolism. This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of the synthetic SL (GR24) on callus induction, growth, and secondary metabolite accumulation in leaf-derived callus cultures of <i>Origanum onites</i> L., a medicinal and aromatic plant rich in essential oils and phenolic compounds. Leaf explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0&#xa0;mg/L BAP, 1.0&#xa0;mg/L NAA, and six concentrations of GR24 (0.0–5.0 µM). Callus formation, fresh weight, diameter, color, and morphology were recorded. Biochemical analyses of volatile oils and phenolic compounds were conducted using GC-MS/SPME and HPLC, respectively. Results demonstrated that GR24 treatments significantly enhanced callus induction, growth, and morphology, with 2.0 µM GR24 producing the highest callus formation rate (93.8%), fresh weight (0.122&#xa0;g), and diameter (1.0&#xa0;cm). Higher concentrations (5.0 µM) markedly increased the accumulation of key secondary metabolites, including carvacrol (33.02%) and thymol (49.30%), representing 3.6- and 13.7-fold increases compared with the control. Aromatic compounds and seven phenolics (rosmarinic acid, quercetin, apigenin, caffeic acid, luteolin, p-coumaric acid, and vitexin) were quantified, revealing concentration-dependent modulation of metabolite profiles. Notably, moderate GR24 levels favored callus growth, while higher concentrations enhanced secondary metabolite biosynthesis. These findings highlight the dual role of GR24 in optimizing callus proliferation and stimulating secondary metabolism in <i>O. onites</i>. The study provides valuable insights for the biotechnological production of pharmacologically important compounds and underscores the potential of GR24 as novel elicitors in medicinal plant tissue culture.</p>

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Phytohormonal impact of strigolactone (GR24) on callogenesis and biosynthesis of essential oils (carvacrol and thymol) and phenolic compounds in Origanum onites L.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Yasemin Coskun,
  • Humu Hudu

摘要

Strigolactones (SLs) are a novel class of plant hormones with multifaceted roles in plant growth, development, and secondary metabolism. This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of the synthetic SL (GR24) on callus induction, growth, and secondary metabolite accumulation in leaf-derived callus cultures of Origanum onites L., a medicinal and aromatic plant rich in essential oils and phenolic compounds. Leaf explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP, 1.0 mg/L NAA, and six concentrations of GR24 (0.0–5.0 µM). Callus formation, fresh weight, diameter, color, and morphology were recorded. Biochemical analyses of volatile oils and phenolic compounds were conducted using GC-MS/SPME and HPLC, respectively. Results demonstrated that GR24 treatments significantly enhanced callus induction, growth, and morphology, with 2.0 µM GR24 producing the highest callus formation rate (93.8%), fresh weight (0.122 g), and diameter (1.0 cm). Higher concentrations (5.0 µM) markedly increased the accumulation of key secondary metabolites, including carvacrol (33.02%) and thymol (49.30%), representing 3.6- and 13.7-fold increases compared with the control. Aromatic compounds and seven phenolics (rosmarinic acid, quercetin, apigenin, caffeic acid, luteolin, p-coumaric acid, and vitexin) were quantified, revealing concentration-dependent modulation of metabolite profiles. Notably, moderate GR24 levels favored callus growth, while higher concentrations enhanced secondary metabolite biosynthesis. These findings highlight the dual role of GR24 in optimizing callus proliferation and stimulating secondary metabolism in O. onites. The study provides valuable insights for the biotechnological production of pharmacologically important compounds and underscores the potential of GR24 as novel elicitors in medicinal plant tissue culture.