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<p>This study, for the first time, integrates green nanotechnology with plant tissue culture to improve the <i>in vitro</i> regeneration efficiency of <i>Artemisia dracunculus</i> L. by applying iron oxide nanoparticles (α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs) synthesized via an eco-friendly route. The main objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles through a green synthesis approach, and to evaluate their impact on <i>in vitro</i> regeneration in <i>A. dracunculus.</i> The α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs were synthesized using <i>Zingiber officinale</i> rhizome extracts and characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FESEM, and EDX to determine their optical properties, crystallinity, morphology, and elemental composition. The synthesized nanoparticles were incorporated into MS (Murashige and Skoog) media at varying concentrations (5–25 mg L<sup>–1</sup>), alone and in combination with plant growth regulators (PGRs), to evaluate their effects. The characterization results revealed spherical α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs (average size 34 ± 0.2&#xa0;nm), comprising 74.5% iron and 25.5% oxygen. The application of α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs at low to moderate concentrations along with appropriate PGRs significantly enhanced callus formation (91.66%), shoot multiplication (93.10%), and root development (74.60%), whereas higher doses had inhibitory effects. A clear dose-response pattern was observed. This work presents a novel and sustainable nanoparticle-assisted micropropagation protocol of <i>A. dracunculus</i>. The study not only contributes to efficient propagation but also advances green nanobiotechnology approaches in plant regeneration systems, Future work should explore the molecular mechanisms behind nanoparticle–plant interactions and extend this approach to other species of medicinal and economic importance.</p>

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Green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles enhance in vitro regeneration in Artemisia dracunculus L.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Sajjad Ali,
  • Seema Singh,
  • M. A. Shah,
  • Abdul Hadi,
  • Mohd Ibrahim,
  • Zarina Khatoon,
  • Rahil Rafiq

摘要

This study, for the first time, integrates green nanotechnology with plant tissue culture to improve the in vitro regeneration efficiency of Artemisia dracunculus L. by applying iron oxide nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3-NPs) synthesized via an eco-friendly route. The main objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles through a green synthesis approach, and to evaluate their impact on in vitro regeneration in A. dracunculus. The α-Fe2O3-NPs were synthesized using Zingiber officinale rhizome extracts and characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FESEM, and EDX to determine their optical properties, crystallinity, morphology, and elemental composition. The synthesized nanoparticles were incorporated into MS (Murashige and Skoog) media at varying concentrations (5–25 mg L–1), alone and in combination with plant growth regulators (PGRs), to evaluate their effects. The characterization results revealed spherical α-Fe2O3-NPs (average size 34 ± 0.2 nm), comprising 74.5% iron and 25.5% oxygen. The application of α-Fe2O3-NPs at low to moderate concentrations along with appropriate PGRs significantly enhanced callus formation (91.66%), shoot multiplication (93.10%), and root development (74.60%), whereas higher doses had inhibitory effects. A clear dose-response pattern was observed. This work presents a novel and sustainable nanoparticle-assisted micropropagation protocol of A. dracunculus. The study not only contributes to efficient propagation but also advances green nanobiotechnology approaches in plant regeneration systems, Future work should explore the molecular mechanisms behind nanoparticle–plant interactions and extend this approach to other species of medicinal and economic importance.