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<p>Pitaya (<i>Selenicereus</i> species), native to Central and South America, has gained increasing prominence in tropical fruit markets. Like other crops, its production is affected by climate change and abiotic stresses, such as salinity. Tissue culture has been widely utilized in studies exploring the relationship between plants and environmental stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of in vitro culture of three pitaya species under salt stress. Red pitaya (<i>Selenicereus polyrhizus</i>), white pitaya (<i>Selenicereus undatus</i>), and a hybrid (<i>Selenicereus polyrhizus × Selenicereus undatus</i>) were grown under NaCl concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM. Red pitaya showed the lowest reduction in plant height (43%) at 150 mM NaCl, compared to white pitaya (63%) and the hybrid (54%). Root development was also negatively affected by salinity, with white pitaya presenting a 48% decrease in the length of the largest root at 150mM. In comparison, the hybrid showed a 22.6% reduction, and red pitaya exhibited more stable values, with an 11% decrease. Electrolyte leakage increased from 49 to 83% across treatments, while membrane integrity declined from 23 to 7% with rising salinity. Chlorophyll <i>a</i> content decreased as salinity increased. These results indicate that red pitaya maintains better morphological performance under salt stress and is a promising candidate for cultivation in saline environments. The findings highlight the effectiveness of in vitro culture as a tool for screening salt tolerance and support further research into other mechanisms underlying salinity adaptation in cacti, such as biochemical and molecular pathways.</p>

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Physiological and morphological responses of Selenicereus species to salt stress in vitro

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Mariana de Vasconcelos Dias,
  • Filipe Almendagna Rodrigues,
  • Mariana de Souza Ribeiro,
  • Caroline Dambroz,
  • Joyce Dória,
  • Moacir Pasqual

摘要

Pitaya (Selenicereus species), native to Central and South America, has gained increasing prominence in tropical fruit markets. Like other crops, its production is affected by climate change and abiotic stresses, such as salinity. Tissue culture has been widely utilized in studies exploring the relationship between plants and environmental stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of in vitro culture of three pitaya species under salt stress. Red pitaya (Selenicereus polyrhizus), white pitaya (Selenicereus undatus), and a hybrid (Selenicereus polyrhizus × Selenicereus undatus) were grown under NaCl concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM. Red pitaya showed the lowest reduction in plant height (43%) at 150 mM NaCl, compared to white pitaya (63%) and the hybrid (54%). Root development was also negatively affected by salinity, with white pitaya presenting a 48% decrease in the length of the largest root at 150mM. In comparison, the hybrid showed a 22.6% reduction, and red pitaya exhibited more stable values, with an 11% decrease. Electrolyte leakage increased from 49 to 83% across treatments, while membrane integrity declined from 23 to 7% with rising salinity. Chlorophyll a content decreased as salinity increased. These results indicate that red pitaya maintains better morphological performance under salt stress and is a promising candidate for cultivation in saline environments. The findings highlight the effectiveness of in vitro culture as a tool for screening salt tolerance and support further research into other mechanisms underlying salinity adaptation in cacti, such as biochemical and molecular pathways.