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<p>Seed germination is pivotal in the life cycle of rice, significantly influencing its subsequent growth and development. Fructokinase OsFRK3 could phosphorylate fructose to fructose-6-phosphate and affect starch accumulation in rice, but its impact on seed germination is yet to be ascertained. In this study, the functions of <i>OsFRK3</i> on seed germination were analyzed using cytological analysis and GC-MS. During the period of 36 to 180&#xa0;h after imbibition, <i>osfrk3</i> mutants had a lower germination rate compared to wild type (WT). The radicle and coleoptile lengths of the mutants (<i>osfrk3-1</i> and <i>osfrk3-2</i>) were significantly shorter than those of WT at 36&#xa0;h imbibition. GC-MS analysis revealed that knockout of <i>OsFRK3</i> led to a significant decrease in the content of main sugars, such as glucose, fructose and sucrose, which indicated that the mutation of <i>OsFRK3</i> affects carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, the <i>osfrk3</i> mutants displayed reduced alpha-amylase activity compared to WT. The transcript level of <i>OsGA2ox3</i>, which related to GA metabolism was significantly increased in <i>osfrk3</i> mutants. We further demonstrated that GA treatment could partially rescue seed germination and seedling growth of <i>osfrk3</i> mutants. Thus, the findings provide novel perspectives on the regulatory mechanisms of seed germination, specifically in relation to carbohydrate metabolism and gibberellic acid (GA) pathway.</p>

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Fructokinase OsFRK3 regulates seed germination involving carbohydrate metabolism in rice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月13日

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  • Yi Bao,
  • Zongfei Zhang,
  • Zixin Zhang,
  • Xin Yan,
  • Jiexiu Ouyang,
  • Shaobo Li,
  • Xin Wang

摘要

Seed germination is pivotal in the life cycle of rice, significantly influencing its subsequent growth and development. Fructokinase OsFRK3 could phosphorylate fructose to fructose-6-phosphate and affect starch accumulation in rice, but its impact on seed germination is yet to be ascertained. In this study, the functions of OsFRK3 on seed germination were analyzed using cytological analysis and GC-MS. During the period of 36 to 180 h after imbibition, osfrk3 mutants had a lower germination rate compared to wild type (WT). The radicle and coleoptile lengths of the mutants (osfrk3-1 and osfrk3-2) were significantly shorter than those of WT at 36 h imbibition. GC-MS analysis revealed that knockout of OsFRK3 led to a significant decrease in the content of main sugars, such as glucose, fructose and sucrose, which indicated that the mutation of OsFRK3 affects carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, the osfrk3 mutants displayed reduced alpha-amylase activity compared to WT. The transcript level of OsGA2ox3, which related to GA metabolism was significantly increased in osfrk3 mutants. We further demonstrated that GA treatment could partially rescue seed germination and seedling growth of osfrk3 mutants. Thus, the findings provide novel perspectives on the regulatory mechanisms of seed germination, specifically in relation to carbohydrate metabolism and gibberellic acid (GA) pathway.