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<p>Betulin and its most obvious derivative, betulinic acid, are lupane-type triterpenoids of the Lupane family with broad antitumor activities, mainly extracted from the bark of birch trees. <i>Betula pendula</i> callus cells from in vitro cultures have shown promising initial results in antitumor activities against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma due to the presence of betulin and its derivatives. The present research aims to enhance the bioavailability and water solubility of betulin and betulinic acid for these cells. In this study, birch callus cell extracts were loaded into nanoliposomes. The colloidal characteristics, stability, and levels of terpenic compounds (including total terpenoids, total triterpenes, betulin, and betulinic acid) were examined. For the research, explants (inner bark) were grown in NT medium with 2.5&#xa0;mg/l of 2,4-D and 0.5&#xa0;mg/l BAP. An absolute extract was produced from cells and loaded into soya lecithin nanoliposomes. The stability of the nanoliposomes, zeta potential, average diameter, particle size distribution, and release rate of the callus cell extract were measured. Results showed that the nanoliposomes had high stability, with an encapsulation efficiency of 95%. The average zeta potential was − 37.55 mV, and the average particle diameter was around 109&#xa0;nm. The levels of betulin, betulinic acid, and triterpenoids in the nanoliposomes compared to the original free extract became 2.6, 1.8, and 2.6 times higher respectively. The total terpene levels decreased. This study is one of the first to explore nanoliposome extraction from plant callus cells.</p>

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Nanoliposomal encapsulation approach for enhancing the anticancer biological compounds produced in birch callus cell extracts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • V. Payamnoor,
  • H. Mohammadi,
  • P. Pourashouri,
  • M. R. Kavosi,
  • J. Nazari

摘要

Betulin and its most obvious derivative, betulinic acid, are lupane-type triterpenoids of the Lupane family with broad antitumor activities, mainly extracted from the bark of birch trees. Betula pendula callus cells from in vitro cultures have shown promising initial results in antitumor activities against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma due to the presence of betulin and its derivatives. The present research aims to enhance the bioavailability and water solubility of betulin and betulinic acid for these cells. In this study, birch callus cell extracts were loaded into nanoliposomes. The colloidal characteristics, stability, and levels of terpenic compounds (including total terpenoids, total triterpenes, betulin, and betulinic acid) were examined. For the research, explants (inner bark) were grown in NT medium with 2.5 mg/l of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l BAP. An absolute extract was produced from cells and loaded into soya lecithin nanoliposomes. The stability of the nanoliposomes, zeta potential, average diameter, particle size distribution, and release rate of the callus cell extract were measured. Results showed that the nanoliposomes had high stability, with an encapsulation efficiency of 95%. The average zeta potential was − 37.55 mV, and the average particle diameter was around 109 nm. The levels of betulin, betulinic acid, and triterpenoids in the nanoliposomes compared to the original free extract became 2.6, 1.8, and 2.6 times higher respectively. The total terpene levels decreased. This study is one of the first to explore nanoliposome extraction from plant callus cells.