Piriformospora indica mycelia extract enhances phenylethanoid glycosides biosynthesis in Scrophularia striata Boiss. cell culture in bioreactor
摘要
The polyphenolic compounds known as phenylethanoid glycosides exist in many plants, including the Scrophulariaceae family. In the present research first, the effects of different ratios of cell extracts of Fusarium graminearum and Piriformospora indica fungi on the production of phenylethanoid glycosides in Scrophularia striata Boiss. cell cultures were studied using the shake-flask. Then the P. indica mycelium (1%) with greatest effect on phenylethanoid glycoside production was selected for bioreactor scale. The amounts of metabolites, such as carbohydrates, phenolic acids, and amino acids were investigated to understand the fungal elicitation mechanism on phenylethanoid glycoside production and their biosynthetic pathway. Significant increases in phenylethanoid glycosides; acteoside and echinacoside, amino acids: phenylalanine and tyrosine, phenolic acids: coumaric, cinnamic, salycilic and caffeic acid, and some carbohydrates were observed in response to the fungal elicitor. Moreover, the composition of carbohydrates, amino acids, and phenolic acids was changed under elicitation. Phenylalanine and glucose increased as phenylethanoid glycoside precursors. These results showed that elicitation of S. striata cells by P. indica shifts metabolic pathways toward the phenylethanoid glycoside production leading to accumulation of acteoside (4508 µg g−1DW) and echinacoside (1.15fold compared to the control) in the bioreactor, considering it as an alternative for growing plants to scale up the production of these bioactive compounds.