Direct organogenesis and callogenesis in zygotic embryos of bacupari (Garcinia brasiliensis Mart.)

Garcinia brasiliensis, a plant native to the Amazon Rainforest, possesses diverse medicinal properties. In vitro cultivation of this species is pivotal for both production and biochemical studies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate different combinations of 2iP and 2,4-D in the induction of callogenesis and organogenesis in zygotic embryos of G. brasiliensis. Transverse sections of zygotic embryos were cultured in various combinations of 2iP (0, 1.83, 3.66, 7.32 e 14.63 mg L^− 1) and 2,4D (0, 0.45, 2.26, 4.08 e 6.34 mg L^− 1) using Wood Plant Medium (WPM). Callogenesis, shoot formation, and root development were assessed. Callus sections at 20 days were stained with toluidine blue and Lugol’s solution for histological evaluations. Shoots were formed in the combination of 3.66 mg L^− 1 2iP + 0.45 mg L^− 1 2,4-D on the 30th day, multiple roots grew in 2.29 mg L^− 1 2,4-D, and radicles were induced at a concentration of 3.66 mg L^− 1 2iP. The highest callogenesis occurred with 14.63 mg L^− 1 2iP and 6.34 mg L^− 1 2,4-D. Histological assessments revealed different cell types and concentric arrangements, constituting centers with meristematic activity, as well as the presence of intercellular space, indicating disorganized tissue. In conclusion, various combinations of 2iP and 2,4-D induce the formation of callus, roots, or radicles in embryos of G. brasiliensis.