Electrochemical Properties of Composites Based on Carbon Nanomaterials: A Review

Electrochemical properties of composites based on metals, metal oxides, and carbon nanotubes and nanofibers in the reaction of oxygen reduction in oxygen (air) electrodes of fuel cells, the reaction of hydrogen oxidation in hydrogen electrodes of fuel cells, and the reaction of electrochemical storage of hydrogen in a hydride electrode of a nickel-metal hydride battery are considered It is shown that new composites with high electrocatalytic characteristics can be created by changing a route of electrochemical reactions from a catalyst to a support. Prospects of an electrochemical method for the synthesis of graphene oxide, graphene, and partially unzipped carbon nanotubes are discussed. Nanocomposites of carbon nitride and partially unzipped carbon nanotubes are considered as promising materials for a metal-free catalyst of oxygen electrodes.