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<p>For next generation mobile communication systems, ensuring a reliable and efficient communication in a dynamic and high-connectivity environment remains a significant challenge. Although, Cell-Less massive MIMO (CL-mMIMO) system and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) scheme provide substantial improvements in coverage, and spectral efficiency, their performance is notably affected by user mobility, with challenges such as cluster instability and user-interference. This may lead to increased overhead caused by frequent user re-clustering and reduced sum-rate. To address these challenges, a CL-mMIMO system incorporating the wavelet NOMA scheme is proposed aiming to enhance sum-rate and reduce outage probability in the presence of user mobility. In addition, a novel Users’ Speed-based Clustering (USbC) algorithm is introduced, which minimizes unnecessary users re-clustering. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated using the silhouette score, which demonstrates improved cluster stability. Furthermore, a power optimization framework is implemented to maximize the achievable sum-rate of the proposed system. The results demonstrate that the proposed system provides 20% enhanced achievable sum-rate and 54% reduced outage probability compared to CL-mMIMO systems with conventional NOMA and traditional clustering approaches in scenarios involving mobile users. Moreover, despite a marginal reduction in system performance for high-speed users, the integrated proposed system outperforms the conventional techniques in maintaining cluster stability.</p>

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Mobility-Driven Wavelet NOMA in Cell-Less mMIMO Systems: A Dynamic Clustering Framework with Power Optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Rabia Arshad,
  • Sobia Baig,
  • Saad Aslam,
  • Asim Ali Khan,
  • Shahid Mumtaz

摘要

For next generation mobile communication systems, ensuring a reliable and efficient communication in a dynamic and high-connectivity environment remains a significant challenge. Although, Cell-Less massive MIMO (CL-mMIMO) system and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) scheme provide substantial improvements in coverage, and spectral efficiency, their performance is notably affected by user mobility, with challenges such as cluster instability and user-interference. This may lead to increased overhead caused by frequent user re-clustering and reduced sum-rate. To address these challenges, a CL-mMIMO system incorporating the wavelet NOMA scheme is proposed aiming to enhance sum-rate and reduce outage probability in the presence of user mobility. In addition, a novel Users’ Speed-based Clustering (USbC) algorithm is introduced, which minimizes unnecessary users re-clustering. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated using the silhouette score, which demonstrates improved cluster stability. Furthermore, a power optimization framework is implemented to maximize the achievable sum-rate of the proposed system. The results demonstrate that the proposed system provides 20% enhanced achievable sum-rate and 54% reduced outage probability compared to CL-mMIMO systems with conventional NOMA and traditional clustering approaches in scenarios involving mobile users. Moreover, despite a marginal reduction in system performance for high-speed users, the integrated proposed system outperforms the conventional techniques in maintaining cluster stability.