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<p>Future sixth-generation (6G) mobile systems are anticipated to leverage high-frequency spectrum, such as millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) bands, to deliver ultra-high data rates ranging from Gbps to Tbps. However, these bands suffer from severe blockage and contribute to the rapid growth of energy consumption. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a hybrid green 6G heterogeneous network (HetNet) that integrates THz Blockage Alleviation (TBA) and Modified Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (MCN). The TBA method employs device-to-device (D2D) relaying to bypass obstacles and maintain reliable connectivity. The MCN scheme combines cooperative communication with NOMA principles to exploit user power diversity, reduce base station transmission power, and mitigate interference. The simulation outcomes indicate that the proposed framework yields a higher signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), achieves better data rates, and markedly enhances energy efficiency relative to conventional baseline approaches.</p>

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Hybrid green 6G HetNet with THz blockage alleviation and modified cooperative NOMA

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Preksha Jain,
  • Akhil Gupta,
  • Nitin Rakesh,
  • Monali Gulhane

摘要

Future sixth-generation (6G) mobile systems are anticipated to leverage high-frequency spectrum, such as millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) bands, to deliver ultra-high data rates ranging from Gbps to Tbps. However, these bands suffer from severe blockage and contribute to the rapid growth of energy consumption. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a hybrid green 6G heterogeneous network (HetNet) that integrates THz Blockage Alleviation (TBA) and Modified Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (MCN). The TBA method employs device-to-device (D2D) relaying to bypass obstacles and maintain reliable connectivity. The MCN scheme combines cooperative communication with NOMA principles to exploit user power diversity, reduce base station transmission power, and mitigate interference. The simulation outcomes indicate that the proposed framework yields a higher signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), achieves better data rates, and markedly enhances energy efficiency relative to conventional baseline approaches.