<p>5 G systems address growing broadband demands with OFDM-based technologies like SC-FDMA and OFDMA in LTE. A novel pulse shape is proposed for the transmitter-side uplink scheme using single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) to reduce the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The pulse shape combines a finite impulse response (FIR) filter in the frequency domain with a Nyquist-I pulse in the time domain. The optimization of the impulse response of the new pulse shape is achieved by using an envelope-constrained (EC) filter design to suppress the amplitude of the side-lobe. A new family of Nyquist-I pulses is presented, termed exponential raised cosine (ERC), featuring a novel design parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11235_2025_1266_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\gamma $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> that offers additional degrees of freedom to minimize PAPR for a given roll-off factor <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11235_2025_1266_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The sub-optimum value of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11235_2025_1266_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\gamma $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is analyzed with a defined range of values; however, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11235_2025_1266_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="55" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\gamma = 0.3$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> shows an impressive reduction in PAPR and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11235_2025_1266_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="55" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\gamma = 0.1$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> verifies an improvement in SER over the other values of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11235_2025_1266_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\gamma $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The simple expression of the ERC shows a less complex design with an average elapsed time of 47.41x10<InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11235_2025_1266_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="11" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$^{-6}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> seconds. Computer-based simulations are performed to identify a sub-optimal value <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11235_2025_1266_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\gamma $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> compared to other existing pulses, showing a significant reduction in PAPR for the interleaved mode of SC-FDMA.</p>

Novel Nyquist-I filter to reduce PAPR for SC-FDMA scheme

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2025年2月17日

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Shaharyar Kamal,
Izhar Ahmed Khan,
Amjad Ali,
Ashfaq Hussain Farooqi,
Awais Ahmad,
Claudio Estevez

摘要

5 G systems address growing broadband demands with OFDM-based technologies like SC-FDMA and OFDMA in LTE. A novel pulse shape is proposed for the transmitter-side uplink scheme using single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) to reduce the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The pulse shape combines a finite impulse response (FIR) filter in the frequency domain with a Nyquist-I pulse in the time domain. The optimization of the impulse response of the new pulse shape is achieved by using an envelope-constrained (EC) filter design to suppress the amplitude of the side-lobe. A new family of Nyquist-I pulses is presented, termed exponential raised cosine (ERC), featuring a novel design parameter $\gamma $ $γ$ that offers additional degrees of freedom to minimize PAPR for a given roll-off factor $\alpha $ $α$ . The sub-optimum value of $\gamma $ $γ$ is analyzed with a defined range of values; however, $\gamma = 0.3$ $γ = 0.3$ shows an impressive reduction in PAPR and $\gamma = 0.1$ $γ = 0.1$ verifies an improvement in SER over the other values of $\gamma $ $γ$ . The simple expression of the ERC shows a less complex design with an average elapsed time of 47.41x10 $^{-6}$ $^{- 6}$ seconds. Computer-based simulations are performed to identify a sub-optimal value $\gamma $ $γ$ compared to other existing pulses, showing a significant reduction in PAPR for the interleaved mode of SC-FDMA.