NOMA based mobility-aware load balancing in 5G ultra dense network

The concept of Ultra Dense Networks (UDNs) stands out as one of the most promising approaches to meet the escalating capacity requirements and elevate user experience. When it comes to fulfilling the exceptionally high capacity density needs of 5G networks, UDN proves to be one of the most effective solutions. For 5G of cellular networks, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques have drawn a lot of attention lately. The main justification for implementing NOMA in 5G is its capacity to accommodate numerous users concurrently while utilizing the same frequency and time resources. In this environment, handover (HO) management is a real challenge given the high network density, small coverage areas, increased user mobility and increasingly stringent QoS requirements. To address these issues, we conduct a study that combines between load balancing and HO decision-making algorithms. The object of our research project is the design of a new HO management solution for 5G ultra-dense networks (UDNs) based on the NOMA technique. A load-balancing and multi-attribute decision-making algorithm are developed to balance the load between cells, minimize the numbers of HOs and choose the best HO condition and the best target cell to maintain satisfactory quality of service. The NOMA technique was employed to orchestrate the channels designated for the backhaul links and the Macro Base Station (MBS) link to the Mobile User Equipments (MUEs) within the MBS User Equipment (UE) set. The devised Handover (HO) decision-making algorithm operates on an event-triggered basis, specifically for HO operations between cellular networks. The conducted simulations demonstrate the resilience of the proposed approach, as evidenced by its low HO failure rate, minimal HO delay, and reduced end-to-end packet delay for traffic.