<p>In various contributions over many years, I have argued that the core methodology of mainstream microeconomics can best be defended by reference to Dennett’s intentional stance. This elucidating relationship is mutual: we can also learn about the logic of the intentional stance as a basis for behavioural science by examining it in action in economics. This examination directs attention to a specific broad theme in the history of the behavioural sciences, the subtle relationship between behaviourism and realism about intentional concepts.</p>