<p>The substructural Strict/Tolerant logic based on strong Kleene valuations (<i>sST</i>) was motivated by its ability to express a fully transparent truth predicate and the tolerance principle without falling into the traps of semantic and soritical paradoxes. Even though <i>sST</i> rejects the meta-inferential rule of Cut, it has been shown that many instances of Cut are recoverable. Thus, not only can theories of truth and vagueness based on <i>sST</i> avoid the semantic and soritical paradoxes, but these theories stay very close to classical theories, which is counted as a virtue of <i>sST</i>. In a recent paper by Murzi and Rossi, the authors argue that the notion of (un)paradoxicality plays a major role in recapturing the “safe” instances of Cut. However, the theory of truth based on <i>sST</i> cannot be extended to express the notion (un)paradoxicality on pain of revenge paradox. Similarly, in a recent paper by Bruni and Rossi, the authors argue that the theory of vagueness based on <i>sST</i> cannot be extended to express the notion of determinateness on pain of revenge paradox, even though “determinateness” plays a major role in the theory. In this paper, we argue that given the analysis of these revenge paradoxes, the Strict/Tolerant logician should prefer the weak Kleene variation of the Strict/Tolerant logic (<InlineEquation ID="IEq544141"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11229_2025_5024_Article_IEq544141.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(w\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation><i>ST</i>). We argue that <InlineEquation ID="IEq5404410014"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11229_2025_5024_Article_IEq544141.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(w\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation><i>ST</i> can express a fully transparent truth predicate and the tolerance principle as well as the notions of (un)paradoxicality and determinateness (though we prefer to use the notion of groundedness to encompass both of these notions) while still being immune to revenge. We conclude that the logic <InlineEquation ID="IEq5400144477"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11229_2025_5024_Article_IEq544141.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(w\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation><i>ST</i> is more appealing than <i>sST</i>, for it has the same virtues as <i>sST</i> while it has an unmatched expressive power.</p>

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A case for weak Kleene ST

  • Rashed Ahmad

摘要

The substructural Strict/Tolerant logic based on strong Kleene valuations (sST) was motivated by its ability to express a fully transparent truth predicate and the tolerance principle without falling into the traps of semantic and soritical paradoxes. Even though sST rejects the meta-inferential rule of Cut, it has been shown that many instances of Cut are recoverable. Thus, not only can theories of truth and vagueness based on sST avoid the semantic and soritical paradoxes, but these theories stay very close to classical theories, which is counted as a virtue of sST. In a recent paper by Murzi and Rossi, the authors argue that the notion of (un)paradoxicality plays a major role in recapturing the “safe” instances of Cut. However, the theory of truth based on sST cannot be extended to express the notion (un)paradoxicality on pain of revenge paradox. Similarly, in a recent paper by Bruni and Rossi, the authors argue that the theory of vagueness based on sST cannot be extended to express the notion of determinateness on pain of revenge paradox, even though “determinateness” plays a major role in the theory. In this paper, we argue that given the analysis of these revenge paradoxes, the Strict/Tolerant logician should prefer the weak Kleene variation of the Strict/Tolerant logic ( \(w\) ST). We argue that \(w\) ST can express a fully transparent truth predicate and the tolerance principle as well as the notions of (un)paradoxicality and determinateness (though we prefer to use the notion of groundedness to encompass both of these notions) while still being immune to revenge. We conclude that the logic \(w\) ST is more appealing than sST, for it has the same virtues as sST while it has an unmatched expressive power.