CHIMP-BC: a decentralized framework for energy-aware task offloading scheduling in fog-edge computing leveraging blockchain

Fog computing supports low-latency services for mobile and IoT applications; however, efficient task offloading remains challenging due to heterogeneous resources, dynamic workloads, and security concerns. In this paper, a decentralized framework called CHIMP-BC is proposed for energy-aware task offloading scheduling in fog–edge computing environments. It integrates the chimpanzee optimization algorithm (ChOA) with blockchain technology to enhance resource efficiency, security, and system reliability. The model determines the optimal offloading destination while ensuring data integrity and traceability through a lightweight blockchain consensus mechanism. Specifically, CHIMP-BC reduces execution time by 27.8%, scheduling latency by 29.6%, and energy consumption by 18%, while improving the overall makespan by 21.4%. Furthermore, in comparison with the FogBus platform, the proposed framework achieves 12.4% lower latency, 13.6% lower energy consumption, and a 21.8% reduction in SLA violation rate. Statistical significance tests further confirm the superiority of the proposed approach over the compared methods. Finally, the results demonstrate that CHIMP-BC provides an effective, secure, and scalable solution for task scheduling and offloading in fog–edge computing environments.