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<p>The internet of vehicles (IoV) requires reliable vehicle‑to‑infrastructure (V2I) communication, yet fixed roadside units (RSUs) are often unavailable to provide coverage in rural or disaster‑affected areas. Drones can serve as mobile relays to extend connectivity, but the open wireless medium exposes communications to attacks and raises concerns about security, privacy, and efficiency. Existing authentication schemes sacrifice one requirement for another—for example, they achieve strong security at the cost of efficiency or strong privacy at the cost of accountability. To address these gaps, we propose a lightweight authentication and key agreement (AKA) scheme for drone‑assisted IoV that integrates conditional privacy‑preserving authentication to reconcile anonymity with regulatory traceability. The scheme resists common attacks and minimizes computational and communication costs, making it suitable for resource‑constrained devices. Furthermore, our design leverages high-performance computing (HPC) at the infrastructure level (the trusted authority (TA) and RSU nodes) to achieve massive scalability, parallelize request processing, and satisfy real-time safety constraints in large-scale IoV deployments. Security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate that our design achieves stronger protection and lower overhead compared to related approaches.</p>

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Lightweight and privacy-enhanced authentication and key agreement scheme for secure V2I communication in drone-assisted internet of vehicles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月26日

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  • Waheeb Ahmed

摘要

The internet of vehicles (IoV) requires reliable vehicle‑to‑infrastructure (V2I) communication, yet fixed roadside units (RSUs) are often unavailable to provide coverage in rural or disaster‑affected areas. Drones can serve as mobile relays to extend connectivity, but the open wireless medium exposes communications to attacks and raises concerns about security, privacy, and efficiency. Existing authentication schemes sacrifice one requirement for another—for example, they achieve strong security at the cost of efficiency or strong privacy at the cost of accountability. To address these gaps, we propose a lightweight authentication and key agreement (AKA) scheme for drone‑assisted IoV that integrates conditional privacy‑preserving authentication to reconcile anonymity with regulatory traceability. The scheme resists common attacks and minimizes computational and communication costs, making it suitable for resource‑constrained devices. Furthermore, our design leverages high-performance computing (HPC) at the infrastructure level (the trusted authority (TA) and RSU nodes) to achieve massive scalability, parallelize request processing, and satisfy real-time safety constraints in large-scale IoV deployments. Security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate that our design achieves stronger protection and lower overhead compared to related approaches.