<p>The functionality of nonlinear circuits can be significantly enhanced by integrating specialized electrical elements, enabling them to emulate the firing behaviors of biological neurons through parameter modulation or external stimuli. In this study, we develop a multifunctional neural circuit by incorporating a photocell and a thermistor into a magnetic flux-controlled memristor (MFCM)-based circuit coupled with dual capacitors. The photocell and thermistor serve as sensors for detecting external light and temperature signals, respectively. MFCM describes the flexible organizational structure between cell membranes and two capacitors exprent the inner and outer membranes of the cell membranes. We derive the mathematical model and energy equations of the system, and validate the circuit’s neuronal dynamics through numerical simulations. Furthermore, this versatile neural circuit provides a scalable platform for studying collective behaviors in functional neuron networks, and offering potential applications in neuromorphic computing, adaptive sensing, and bio-inspired robotics.</p>