<p>Quantum secure multi-party computation (QSMC) allows multiple participants to collaboratively compute a target function while ensuring that their private inputs remain confidential using quantum technologies, which holds significant practical value in fields such as data privacy, secure voting, and collaborative data analysis. However, existing QSMC protocols are limited to individual operations such as summation, multiplication, or comparison, and require excessive quantum resources. To address these challenges, an efficient hybrid quantum protocol for multi-party computation is proposed, enabling simultaneous summation, multiplication, and comparison with the assistance of a semi-honest quantum third party (TP), utilizing only d-dimensional single-particle states with efficient quantum state utilization. The single particles are transmitted in a circle-type transmission mode, avoiding complex operations such as entanglement swapping or shift operations. Keys are established among all the participants, as well as between each participant and TP, using these single states. Once the keys are established, with TP’s assistance, all three types of computation can be completed simultaneously. Security analysis demonstrates the protocol’s robustness against both internal and external attacks, and comparative evaluation with existing protocols highlights its superior efficiency in quantum resource utilization. Finally, the feasibility and correctness of the protocol are further demonstrated through simulations on the IBM Qiskit platform.</p>

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An efficient hybrid protocol for quantum secure multi-party summation, multiplication and comparison based on d-dimensional single-particle states

  • Yi-Hua Zhou,
  • Wei-Yi Pu,
  • Yu-Guang Yang,
  • Wei-Min Shi

摘要

Quantum secure multi-party computation (QSMC) allows multiple participants to collaboratively compute a target function while ensuring that their private inputs remain confidential using quantum technologies, which holds significant practical value in fields such as data privacy, secure voting, and collaborative data analysis. However, existing QSMC protocols are limited to individual operations such as summation, multiplication, or comparison, and require excessive quantum resources. To address these challenges, an efficient hybrid quantum protocol for multi-party computation is proposed, enabling simultaneous summation, multiplication, and comparison with the assistance of a semi-honest quantum third party (TP), utilizing only d-dimensional single-particle states with efficient quantum state utilization. The single particles are transmitted in a circle-type transmission mode, avoiding complex operations such as entanglement swapping or shift operations. Keys are established among all the participants, as well as between each participant and TP, using these single states. Once the keys are established, with TP’s assistance, all three types of computation can be completed simultaneously. Security analysis demonstrates the protocol’s robustness against both internal and external attacks, and comparative evaluation with existing protocols highlights its superior efficiency in quantum resource utilization. Finally, the feasibility and correctness of the protocol are further demonstrated through simulations on the IBM Qiskit platform.