<p>The significant role of routing in the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the introduction of various routing protocols tailored for this crucial network. Among these protocols is LOADng-IoT, an on-demand routing protocol designed specifically for IoT environments. While LOADng-IoT aligns well with IoT requirements, it lacks inherent security mechanisms, leaving it vulnerable despite its efficiency. To address this limitation, a more advanced protocol named QAT-LOADng (QoS Aware Trusted Lightweight On-demand Adhoc Distance-vector routing-Next Generation) has been developed as an enhancement to LOADng-IoT. QAT-LOADng leverages the Ant algorithm and incorporates a reputation system to bolster security. The primary objective of QAT-LOADng is to establish trust in routing and data transmission through a two-stage process. The first stage focuses on trust-based routing using the Ant algorithm, while the second stage involves data transmission with trust evaluation. Simulation results demonstrate that QAT-LOADng not only ensures reliable routing and data exchange but also enhances the overall quality of routing and data transmission. Specifically, it shows a 7.9% improvement in packet delivery ratio (PDR) compared to LOADng-IoT, along with lower energy consumption and overhead when compared to existing protocols.</p>

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QAT-LOADng: QoS aware trusted lightweight on-demand adhoc distance-vector routing-next generation

  • Mostafa Nazarian Parizi,
  • Seyyed Hamid Ghafouri,
  • Mohammad Sadegh Hajmohammadi

摘要

The significant role of routing in the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the introduction of various routing protocols tailored for this crucial network. Among these protocols is LOADng-IoT, an on-demand routing protocol designed specifically for IoT environments. While LOADng-IoT aligns well with IoT requirements, it lacks inherent security mechanisms, leaving it vulnerable despite its efficiency. To address this limitation, a more advanced protocol named QAT-LOADng (QoS Aware Trusted Lightweight On-demand Adhoc Distance-vector routing-Next Generation) has been developed as an enhancement to LOADng-IoT. QAT-LOADng leverages the Ant algorithm and incorporates a reputation system to bolster security. The primary objective of QAT-LOADng is to establish trust in routing and data transmission through a two-stage process. The first stage focuses on trust-based routing using the Ant algorithm, while the second stage involves data transmission with trust evaluation. Simulation results demonstrate that QAT-LOADng not only ensures reliable routing and data exchange but also enhances the overall quality of routing and data transmission. Specifically, it shows a 7.9% improvement in packet delivery ratio (PDR) compared to LOADng-IoT, along with lower energy consumption and overhead when compared to existing protocols.