<p>The formal verification of UML dynamic modeling is the key to ensuring the reliability of model-driven engineering (MDE) in complex systems. However, due to the lack of formal semantics in UML itself, the existing methods are still fragmented. This systematic literature review (SLR) analyzes 73 formal association studies of dynamic modeling through search, screening, and statistics, and discusses the progress, challenges, and applications of these studies in different models. The discussion in this paper addresses three important aspects: the dynamic modeling verification process with formalization and inference as the main stages, the role of metamodels in model formal verification, and verification methods combined with automated (or semiautomated) tools. In addition, this paper summarizes the technical shortcomings such as the complexity of model transformation and the bottleneck of tool performance. It proposes future research directions to solve the challenges of complex dynamic modeling.</p>