<p>The node-to-set disjoint paths problem in a <i>k</i>-connected network is to find <i>k</i> paths from a source node <i>s</i> to a set of <i>k</i> target nodes <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11227_2024_6895_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="140" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T=\{t_1, t_2, \dots , t_k\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, with <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11227_2024_6895_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s \notin T\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∉</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, such that each arbitrary pair of paths has no joint nodes except for the starting node <i>s</i>. According to Menger’s theorem, there must exist <i>k</i> node-disjoint paths if the network is <i>k</i>-connected. With the expansion of the scale of networks, disjoint paths are playing an increasingly important role in high-performance computing, parallel data processing, fault tolerance and secure data transmission. As a promising candidate for the underlying topology of interconnection networks in massively parallel systems, the <i>n</i>-dimensional divide-and-swap cube, or <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11227_2024_6895_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {DSC}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>DSC</mtext> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, is a newly proposed hypercube variant which possesses some desirable properties. In this paper, we mainly study the reliable communication of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11227_2024_6895_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {DSC}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>DSC</mtext> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in terms of node-to-set disjoint paths. We construct <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11227_2024_6895_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="38" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d+1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> node-to-set disjoint paths in <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11227_2024_6895_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {DSC}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>DSC</mtext> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, whose lengths are at most 8 for <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11227_2024_6895_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n=4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11227_2024_6895_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{5n}{4} + 5\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>5</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11227_2024_6895_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n \ge 8\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Moreover, we estimate the average and maximum lengths of these paths based on a computer experiment. The results show that the experimental maximum path lengths are almost equal to the theoretical maximum path lengths when <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11227_2024_6895_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n \le 32\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>32</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. When <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11227_2024_6895_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n \ge 64\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>64</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, however, the theoretical maximum path lengths cannot be attained easily.</p>

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Node-to-set disjoint paths problem in divide-and-swap cube

  • Yunsong Zhang,
  • Yuejuan Han,
  • Jianfeng Jiang,
  • Lantao You

摘要

The node-to-set disjoint paths problem in a k-connected network is to find k paths from a source node s to a set of k target nodes \(T=\{t_1, t_2, \dots , t_k\}\) T = { t 1 , t 2 , , t k } , with \(s \notin T\) s T , such that each arbitrary pair of paths has no joint nodes except for the starting node s. According to Menger’s theorem, there must exist k node-disjoint paths if the network is k-connected. With the expansion of the scale of networks, disjoint paths are playing an increasingly important role in high-performance computing, parallel data processing, fault tolerance and secure data transmission. As a promising candidate for the underlying topology of interconnection networks in massively parallel systems, the n-dimensional divide-and-swap cube, or \(\text {DSC}_n\) DSC n , is a newly proposed hypercube variant which possesses some desirable properties. In this paper, we mainly study the reliable communication of \(\text {DSC}_n\) DSC n in terms of node-to-set disjoint paths. We construct \(d+1\) d + 1 node-to-set disjoint paths in \(\text {DSC}_n\) DSC n , whose lengths are at most 8 for \(n=4\) n = 4 , and \(\frac{5n}{4} + 5\) 5 n 4 + 5 for \(n \ge 8\) n 8 . Moreover, we estimate the average and maximum lengths of these paths based on a computer experiment. The results show that the experimental maximum path lengths are almost equal to the theoretical maximum path lengths when \(n \le 32\) n 32 . When \(n \ge 64\) n 64 , however, the theoretical maximum path lengths cannot be attained easily.