<p>A Gentzen-style sequent calculus, GA4, for a first-order extension of Avron’s self-extensional paradefinite four-valued logic is introduced. Avron’s logic is known as a unique self-extensional extension of Belnap–Dunn logic. GA4 yields two new Gentzen-style sequent calculi, <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {GCL}_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>GCL</mtext> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {GCL}_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>GCL</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, for first-order classical logic by introducing some new inference rules or initial sequents. <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {GCL}_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>GCL</mtext> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is obtained from GA4 by adding the rules of explosion and excluded middle, which correspond to the principle of explosion and the law of excluded middle. <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {GCL}_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>GCL</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is obtained from GA4 by adding initial sequents that correspond to the same principle and law. A theorem proving the equivalence among <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {GCL}_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>GCL</mtext> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {GCL}_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>GCL</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and Gentzen’s sequent calculus LK for first-order classical logic is established. The cut-elimination, contraposition-elimination, and completeness theorems for GA4, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {GCL}_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>GCL</mtext> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {GCL}_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>GCL</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are proved. The self-extensional properties of GA4, <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {GCL}_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>GCL</mtext> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {GCL}_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>GCL</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are derived using the contraposition-elimination theorems.</p>

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From First-Order Self-Extensional Paradefinite Four-Valued Logic to First-Order Classical Logic

  • Norihiro Kamide

摘要

A Gentzen-style sequent calculus, GA4, for a first-order extension of Avron’s self-extensional paradefinite four-valued logic is introduced. Avron’s logic is known as a unique self-extensional extension of Belnap–Dunn logic. GA4 yields two new Gentzen-style sequent calculi, \(\hbox {GCL}_1\) GCL 1 and \(\hbox {GCL}_2\) GCL 2 , for first-order classical logic by introducing some new inference rules or initial sequents. \(\hbox {GCL}_1\) GCL 1 is obtained from GA4 by adding the rules of explosion and excluded middle, which correspond to the principle of explosion and the law of excluded middle. \(\hbox {GCL}_2\) GCL 2 is obtained from GA4 by adding initial sequents that correspond to the same principle and law. A theorem proving the equivalence among \(\hbox {GCL}_1\) GCL 1 , \(\hbox {GCL}_2\) GCL 2 , and Gentzen’s sequent calculus LK for first-order classical logic is established. The cut-elimination, contraposition-elimination, and completeness theorems for GA4, \(\hbox {GCL}_1\) GCL 1 , and \(\hbox {GCL}_2\) GCL 2 are proved. The self-extensional properties of GA4, \(\hbox {GCL}_1\) GCL 1 , and \(\hbox {GCL}_2\) GCL 2 are derived using the contraposition-elimination theorems.