Supramolecular architecture stabilized by antiparallel C = O⋯C = O and C–H⋯π interactions in 4-nitrobenzyl 4-(p-tolyl)thiazole-2-carboxylate : a study based on crystallography and NCI-RDG analysis
摘要
The present study details the synthesis, structural characterization, and key physicochemical properties of 4-nitrobenzyl 4-(p-tolyl)thiazole-2-carboxylate (7). The thiazoles compound was synthesized via a Hantzsch-type cyclocondensation reaction and characterized using spectroscopic techniques, including 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, along with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study revealed that the compound 7 crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system with space group P -1. The crystal structure reveals important insights into intermolecular interactions, like S···O, C–H···π and C = O···C = O interactions including hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals forces, and other intra and intermolecular forces that contribute to the overall molecular assembly. The solid-state structure analysis reveals a remarkable pattern of antiparallel C = O···C = O interactions. The influence of these non-covalent interactions was further validated using Hirshfeld surface analysis, providing a quantitative understanding of molecular packing contributions. The Density functional theory (DFT) simulations at the ωB97XD/6–311 + + G(d, p) level accurately predicted molecular geometry and matched experimental results. The NBO analysis further demonstrated that intramolecular charge transfer contributes to molecular stabilization, especially via hyperconjugative interactions.