Arno Penzias—Nobel laureate—Co-discoverer of the cosmic microwave background radiation and researcher of the chemistry of the sky

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in their Nobel-Prize-winning discovery detected the temperature in the outer space to be 3 kelvins. This provided decisive support for the Big Bang model of the birth of the Universe. Penzias was a refugee from Nazi Germany and his new homeland, the United States, provided an excellent education for him. His fruitful career at Bell Labs and in advising small companies combined with a keen interest in societal matters and contemporary politics.