<p>Through an extensive experimental program, this study investigates the performance of the one-component polyurea coating as a protective barrier for concrete dams in cold regions. The findings indicate that this coating maintains considerable elongation and exhibits good tensile strength even at temperatures as low as –45°C. Furthermore, the coating can still retain strong bonding with concrete after enduring 300 freeze-thaw cycles. It shows that a specially designed surface water-stop for concrete dam transverse joints can effectively prevent water infiltration under high pressure and large joint openings. The bonding strength between ice and the polyurea coating is significantly lower than that between ice and polyurethane foam, reducing the risk of ice-plucking for the insulation layer. The coating also retains high tensile strength when subjected to a 15 min short dry wood fire exposure, but prolonged fire exposure results in bonding failure with the concrete. Finally, the polyurea coating retains above 80% of its original tensile strength after 1869 hours of accelerated xenon arc aging, with strength reduction primarily occurring in the early hours of aging.</p>