<p>To study the impact of steel bar distribution on the blast resistance performance of RC slabs, this paper conducted a simulation study on the blast resistance performance of concrete slabs with different steel bar distribution patterns by changing the distribution of steel bars in the concrete slab while maintaining the same ratio of reinforcement, using ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software. The primary emphasis of the research centers on the impact of spacing between steel bars, number of reinforcement layers, thickness of protective layer, and reinforcement position during single-layer reinforcement on the blast resistance performance of RC slabs under explosive loading. The research results show that under the same ratio of reinforcement, as the spacing between steel bars decreases from 200 to 100 mm, the maximum midspan displacement of the slab under the same explosive load drops by 34.9%, but the slab’s bending and tensile properties are enhanced. In terms of the number of reinforcement layers, the maximum displacement of double-layer reinforced panels is reduced by 40.2% compared to single-layer reinforced panels, and the blast resistance performance of double-layer reinforced panels is significantly better than that of single-layer reinforced panels; In terms of the protective layer’s thickness, as the thickness of the protective layer drops from 40 to 15 mm, the maximum displacement and final deflection of the board under explosive load decrease, and the anti-explosion capability of the board is enhanced; When a single-layer reinforcement is adopted for the slab, the maximum displacement at the slab’s midspan is reduced by 25.6 and 16.4%, respectively, when the reinforcement is located in the middle of the slab and near the back blast surface under overall failure compared to near the blast surface. The research findings presented in this article can may serve as a guide for blast resistant design of buildings.</p>