Influence of Metal and Loading System Characteristics on Low-Temperature Jump-Like Strain with Regard to the Type of Accumulated Potential Energy
摘要
The paper presents the results of a numerical study of the influence of mechanical properties of metal and loading system characteristics on the jump-like strain of a specimen of 03Kh20N16AG6 steel and AMg5 aluminum alloy under tension by a suspended load at a temperature of 4 K in liquid helium. The study was carried out based on a local one-dimensional multiparametric nonlinear mathematical model of effect development. The study results, presented in the form of corresponding graphical dependences, are compared with analytical ones obtained for a conventional elastic loading system with an electric power drive. It is shown that the effect of the low-temperature jump-like strain of metals is much stronger in terms of its magnitude in the gravitational system. The localized strain reaches the order of one, so fracture is inevitable. Regardless of the type of stored potential energy, the strength of the material is the main mechanical parameter in terms of its influence on the development of the effect, and the corresponding dependencies are close to linear. A decrease in strain hardening leads to an unlimited increase in strain, which in an elastic system is, on the contrary, finite and relatively small. Therefore, prestrained materials and those with a yield plateau are the most vulnerable to the negative consequences of low-temperature jump-like strain under gravity loading. When loaded by gravity, the influence of the attached mass as an inertial element on the strain value becomes insignificant.