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<p>A dual-channel surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a bilaterally polished D-shaped photonic crystal fiber with a germanium-doped core is proposed for simultaneous detection of methane concentration and ambient temperature. The proposed structure employs two externally accessible polished facets as independent sensing platforms, avoiding internal air-hole functionalization and facilitating practical implementation. The upper and lower facets are functionalized with Cryptophane-A and polydimethylsiloxane, respectively, forming two spatially separated SPR channels for methane and temperature detection. The germanium-doped core facilitates efficient phase matching between the guided core mode and the surface plasmon polariton modes. Finite element simulations show a peak methane sensitivity of 70&#xa0;nm/% over the 0-3.5% CH<sub>4</sub> range and a monotonic temperature response from 25 to 120&#xa0;°C with a maximum sensitivity of 16&#xa0;nm/°C, providing a temperature coverage wider than most reported methane-temperature PCF-SPR sensors. To address the nonlinear thermo-optic response of PDMS, a piecewise sensitivity-matrix demodulation method is developed, yielding mean absolute errors of 0.109% and 0.82&#xa0;°C for methane concentration and temperature, respectively. The proposed sensor combines wide temperature coverage with effective dual-parameter decoupling, making it promising for real-time safety monitoring in underground coal mines and natural gas infrastructure.</p>

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Dual-Channel Ge-Doped PCF-SPR Sensor for Simultaneous Methane and Temperature Sensing via Sensitivity-Matrix Demodulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Qingmin Liu,
  • Shanglin Hou,
  • Gang Wu,
  • Zuyong Yan

摘要

A dual-channel surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a bilaterally polished D-shaped photonic crystal fiber with a germanium-doped core is proposed for simultaneous detection of methane concentration and ambient temperature. The proposed structure employs two externally accessible polished facets as independent sensing platforms, avoiding internal air-hole functionalization and facilitating practical implementation. The upper and lower facets are functionalized with Cryptophane-A and polydimethylsiloxane, respectively, forming two spatially separated SPR channels for methane and temperature detection. The germanium-doped core facilitates efficient phase matching between the guided core mode and the surface plasmon polariton modes. Finite element simulations show a peak methane sensitivity of 70 nm/% over the 0-3.5% CH4 range and a monotonic temperature response from 25 to 120 °C with a maximum sensitivity of 16 nm/°C, providing a temperature coverage wider than most reported methane-temperature PCF-SPR sensors. To address the nonlinear thermo-optic response of PDMS, a piecewise sensitivity-matrix demodulation method is developed, yielding mean absolute errors of 0.109% and 0.82 °C for methane concentration and temperature, respectively. The proposed sensor combines wide temperature coverage with effective dual-parameter decoupling, making it promising for real-time safety monitoring in underground coal mines and natural gas infrastructure.