Development and Validation of a Real-Time Soil Apparent Electrical Conductivity Sensing System for Precision Nitrogen Fertilizer Management
摘要
Soil is among the most important resources for crop production. To maintain the soil-health the new strategy includes judicious use of fertilizers. New science and technology must be applied to increase yield by applying agricultural inputs precisely. Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the most critical inputs which affect the health of soil. Some researchers have reported that application of nitrogen fertilizer based on EC value is one of the solutions. Most of the EC measuring instruments are lab based. The research was carried out with the objective of developing a real-time soil ECa measurement system. A frame was designed to mount the sensing system and its accessories, and provisions were made to facilitate easy transportation and data recording. The system consists of 12 V battery as power source, transmitting electrode, measuring electrode, arduino microcontroller unit and LCD display unit. The depth of sensing probe was adjustable so that ECa can be measured at different depth. The developed system possesses a USB interface which enables the data recording in computer/laptop. Further, a multiple correlation between EC vs. V vs. MC was developed which was significant, coefficient of determination was 0.793 and the coefficient of correlation was 0.89. A programme for developed calibration relationship was written to validate the developed sensing system. The developed sensing system was validated under in-situ condition and their coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.651. The developed system can measure ECa in quick and in-situ condition which can be map and used in variable rate applicator for nitrogen fertilizer-based EC.