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<p>A reflective salinity sensor based on the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) effect using a no-core fiber (NCF) structure was designed and simulated. The sensing mechanism of the optical fiber SPR sensor was analyzed, followed by simulations evaluating the effects of metal type, metal film thickness, and sensing region length on the SPR spectrum. Based on the simulation results, the sensor was fabricated and experimentally tested to achieve optimal performance. The novelty of this work lies in the implementation of a reflective SPR fiber configuration using a gold-coated no-core fiber, which improves stability, repeatability, and practical sensing reliability compared with conventional transmissive configurations. Experimental results demonstrate that the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 1.939&#xa0;nm/% over a 0–25% NaCl concentration range. Compared with previously reported systems, it demonstrates superior performance, mechanical durability, and repeatability. However, the current study is limited to controlled laboratory measurements using NaCl solutions, and further investigations under real environmental conditions are required. These results indicate that the reflective SPR fiber-based sensor has significant potential for environmental monitoring and safe drinking water applications.</p>

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Advanced Optical Fiber SPR Sensor for High-Sensitivity Salinity Detection: A Theoretical and Experimental Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Mohammed S. Sada,
  • Mohammed Salim Jasim AL-Taie,
  • Ahmed M. Hameed,
  • Younis Mohamed Atiah Al-zahy

摘要

A reflective salinity sensor based on the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) effect using a no-core fiber (NCF) structure was designed and simulated. The sensing mechanism of the optical fiber SPR sensor was analyzed, followed by simulations evaluating the effects of metal type, metal film thickness, and sensing region length on the SPR spectrum. Based on the simulation results, the sensor was fabricated and experimentally tested to achieve optimal performance. The novelty of this work lies in the implementation of a reflective SPR fiber configuration using a gold-coated no-core fiber, which improves stability, repeatability, and practical sensing reliability compared with conventional transmissive configurations. Experimental results demonstrate that the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 1.939 nm/% over a 0–25% NaCl concentration range. Compared with previously reported systems, it demonstrates superior performance, mechanical durability, and repeatability. However, the current study is limited to controlled laboratory measurements using NaCl solutions, and further investigations under real environmental conditions are required. These results indicate that the reflective SPR fiber-based sensor has significant potential for environmental monitoring and safe drinking water applications.