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<p>Increasing use of industrial chemicals poses significant risks to human health, underscoring the urgent need for rapid and accurate detection methods. In this study, we theoretically designed and analyzed a hybrid graphene–Au–Ag metasurface surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for detecting methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. The sensor integrates a graphene layer with three triangularly arranged gold resonators surrounding a hollow silver cylinder, leveraging the synergistic plasmonic and optical properties of these materials to enhance performance. Parametric studies on substrate thickness (Hs), resonator thickness (Hr), and graphene Fermi energy (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{E}}_{f}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) reveal significant improvements in sensor metrics. The sensor demonstrates an outstanding figure of merit (FOM) of 75, 81.48, and 93.75 RIU⁻¹, while preserving high refractive-index sensitivity of 750, 814.8, and 937.50&#xa0;nm/RIU for isopropanol, ethanol, and methanol, respectively, outperforming many previously reported graphene-assisted plasmonic sensors.</p>

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High-FOM Fano-Resonant Graphene–Metal Plasmonic Sensor for Highly Sensitive Chemical Detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Samer M. Srour,
  • Mahmoud M. Abu Hassanain,
  • Marwa M. Khaled,
  • Anas A.M. Alqanoo

摘要

Increasing use of industrial chemicals poses significant risks to human health, underscoring the urgent need for rapid and accurate detection methods. In this study, we theoretically designed and analyzed a hybrid graphene–Au–Ag metasurface surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for detecting methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. The sensor integrates a graphene layer with three triangularly arranged gold resonators surrounding a hollow silver cylinder, leveraging the synergistic plasmonic and optical properties of these materials to enhance performance. Parametric studies on substrate thickness (Hs), resonator thickness (Hr), and graphene Fermi energy ( \(\:{\text{E}}_{f}\) ) reveal significant improvements in sensor metrics. The sensor demonstrates an outstanding figure of merit (FOM) of 75, 81.48, and 93.75 RIU⁻¹, while preserving high refractive-index sensitivity of 750, 814.8, and 937.50 nm/RIU for isopropanol, ethanol, and methanol, respectively, outperforming many previously reported graphene-assisted plasmonic sensors.