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<p>Non-destructive investigation of apparent growth-ring structures in tropical trees remains challenging due to irregular ring formation and limitations of conventional dendrochronological methods. This study evaluates the feasibility of a low-cost X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) imaging system for analyzing internal apparent growth-ring characteristics in branch samples of <i>Pterocarpus indicus (Angsana)</i>. The CT system was developed using a fluoroscopic X-ray source operating at 130–250&#xa0;kV and 5&#xa0;mA. CT imaging was applied to the sample with a diameter of approximately 30&#xa0;mm, and reconstructed cross-sectional images were analyzed to identify apparent growth-ring boundaries. Apparent ring widths were quantified across multiple axial CT slices to evaluate measurement consistency and reduce slice-specific uncertainty. The environmental context was provided by annual precipitation data from Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, corresponding to the period represented by the identified apparent growth rings. The reconstructed CT images enabled qualitative visualization of the internal wood structure and revealed five distinct apparent growth rings. Mean apparent ring widths ranged from approximately 0.99 ± 0.04&#xa0;mm to 3.20 ± 0.08&#xa0;mm, with wider rings generally observed during years of higher precipitation and narrower rings during drier periods. The minimum apparent growth-ring detected in this study is scaled by 0.0265&#xa0;mm/pixel (approximately 0.03&#xa0;mm/pixel practical detection limit), while the minimum ring width detected is 1&#xa0;mm. These results demonstrate that low-cost CT imaging can provide reproducible, apparent growth-ring information and support assessment of growth variability in relation to environmental conditions.</p>

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Development and Application of a Low-Cost CT System for Analyzing Growth Ring Formation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Ni Luh Sri Maharani,
  • Imelda Zahra Tungga Dewi,
  • Danung Rismawan,
  • Catur Minal Mukromin,
  • Widhi Mahardi Darma,
  • Rochan Rifai,
  • Gede Bayu Suparta

摘要

Non-destructive investigation of apparent growth-ring structures in tropical trees remains challenging due to irregular ring formation and limitations of conventional dendrochronological methods. This study evaluates the feasibility of a low-cost X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) imaging system for analyzing internal apparent growth-ring characteristics in branch samples of Pterocarpus indicus (Angsana). The CT system was developed using a fluoroscopic X-ray source operating at 130–250 kV and 5 mA. CT imaging was applied to the sample with a diameter of approximately 30 mm, and reconstructed cross-sectional images were analyzed to identify apparent growth-ring boundaries. Apparent ring widths were quantified across multiple axial CT slices to evaluate measurement consistency and reduce slice-specific uncertainty. The environmental context was provided by annual precipitation data from Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, corresponding to the period represented by the identified apparent growth rings. The reconstructed CT images enabled qualitative visualization of the internal wood structure and revealed five distinct apparent growth rings. Mean apparent ring widths ranged from approximately 0.99 ± 0.04 mm to 3.20 ± 0.08 mm, with wider rings generally observed during years of higher precipitation and narrower rings during drier periods. The minimum apparent growth-ring detected in this study is scaled by 0.0265 mm/pixel (approximately 0.03 mm/pixel practical detection limit), while the minimum ring width detected is 1 mm. These results demonstrate that low-cost CT imaging can provide reproducible, apparent growth-ring information and support assessment of growth variability in relation to environmental conditions.