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<p>Intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring is a key parameter in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma, making continuous monitoring essential for effective disease management. This paper presents a piezoresistive pressure sensor to monitor IOP continuously and non-invasively. Unlike previously reported graphene- or carbon-based contact lens sensors that rely on single-component sensing layers with limited sensitivity, the proposed sensor employs a reduced graphene oxide–palladium (rGO–Pd) nanocomposite as a sensing layer, where palladium nanoparticles enhance the electrical conductivity and piezoresistive response by preventing the rGO sheet from restacking and increasing active sensing sites. The sensor is designed as a simple circular pattern and fabricated by a flexible screen printing method, embedded within a polydimethylsiloxane contact lens substrate. Tests on a silicone eyeball model indicate a linear response (r²&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.97) with a pressure sensitivity of 1.197 kΩ/mmHg within the IOP range of 0 to 32 mmHg. Compared to prior screen-printed contact lens sensors, this design achieves improved sensitivity and linearity through the synergistic electromechanical properties of the rGO–Pd nanocomposite. Thus, this sensor, with its ease of fabrication, simple design, and capability of continuous pressure measurement, makes it a promising approach for IOP monitoring in the clinical diagnosis of glaucoma.</p>

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A Wearable Contact Lens Embedded with rGO-Pd Nanocomposite Sensing Film for Non-invasive Monitoring of Intraocular Pressure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • S. Kumuda,
  • G. Uma,
  • M. Umapathy,
  • K. Rajanna

摘要

Intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring is a key parameter in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma, making continuous monitoring essential for effective disease management. This paper presents a piezoresistive pressure sensor to monitor IOP continuously and non-invasively. Unlike previously reported graphene- or carbon-based contact lens sensors that rely on single-component sensing layers with limited sensitivity, the proposed sensor employs a reduced graphene oxide–palladium (rGO–Pd) nanocomposite as a sensing layer, where palladium nanoparticles enhance the electrical conductivity and piezoresistive response by preventing the rGO sheet from restacking and increasing active sensing sites. The sensor is designed as a simple circular pattern and fabricated by a flexible screen printing method, embedded within a polydimethylsiloxane contact lens substrate. Tests on a silicone eyeball model indicate a linear response (r² = 0.97) with a pressure sensitivity of 1.197 kΩ/mmHg within the IOP range of 0 to 32 mmHg. Compared to prior screen-printed contact lens sensors, this design achieves improved sensitivity and linearity through the synergistic electromechanical properties of the rGO–Pd nanocomposite. Thus, this sensor, with its ease of fabrication, simple design, and capability of continuous pressure measurement, makes it a promising approach for IOP monitoring in the clinical diagnosis of glaucoma.