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<p>This study presents the design and simulation of a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D-PhC) sensor for biosensing applications by performing simulations on samples with different concentrations of sucrose solutions, as well as samples with varying concentrations of glucose in blood and urine. Such sensors are essential and help in precisely monitoring sugar levels in food and beverage products, in addition to supporting biomedical diagnostics involving blood and urine analysis. Two distinct models are proposed: the first consists of a 17 × 17 array of germanium rods (refractive index n = 4.606) embedded in an air background (n = 1), while the second features a 17 × 17 array of silicon rods (n = 3.48) also set in an air background. In both designs, resonant cavities are placed between the input and output waveguides, and the sensors are infiltrated with solutions at varying concentrations. The photonic band-gap characteristics and normalized transmission spectra are analyzed using the plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods. The sensing mechanism relies on resonance wavelength shifts of an input signal at 1550&#xa0;nm due to changes in the refractive index. Simulation results show an approximately linear relationship between resonance wavelength shift and refractive index change. The proposed biosensor demonstrates high performance, achieving a Quality Factor Q = 2100 with a Sensitivity S = 880&#xa0;nm/RIU for the first model, and Q = 2384 with S = 1500&#xa0;nm/RIU for the second model. These findings underscore the strong potential of the proposed designs for high-precision biosensing applications.</p>

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Enhancement of Detection of Sucrose and Glucose Concentrations in Blood and Urine Using a 2D Photonic Crystal Biosensor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月16日

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  • Abdallah Azzaoui,
  • Hamza Otmani,
  • Boualem Mekimah,
  • Mohammed Boulesbaa

摘要

This study presents the design and simulation of a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D-PhC) sensor for biosensing applications by performing simulations on samples with different concentrations of sucrose solutions, as well as samples with varying concentrations of glucose in blood and urine. Such sensors are essential and help in precisely monitoring sugar levels in food and beverage products, in addition to supporting biomedical diagnostics involving blood and urine analysis. Two distinct models are proposed: the first consists of a 17 × 17 array of germanium rods (refractive index n = 4.606) embedded in an air background (n = 1), while the second features a 17 × 17 array of silicon rods (n = 3.48) also set in an air background. In both designs, resonant cavities are placed between the input and output waveguides, and the sensors are infiltrated with solutions at varying concentrations. The photonic band-gap characteristics and normalized transmission spectra are analyzed using the plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods. The sensing mechanism relies on resonance wavelength shifts of an input signal at 1550 nm due to changes in the refractive index. Simulation results show an approximately linear relationship between resonance wavelength shift and refractive index change. The proposed biosensor demonstrates high performance, achieving a Quality Factor Q = 2100 with a Sensitivity S = 880 nm/RIU for the first model, and Q = 2384 with S = 1500 nm/RIU for the second model. These findings underscore the strong potential of the proposed designs for high-precision biosensing applications.