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<p>Stretchable patch antennas, as wireless and passive sensors, offer a promising alternative to conventional strain sensors for joint motion monitoring. However, existing designs often suffer from wearing discomfort and limited sensitivity. This paper presents a meander-grid stretchable patch antenna (MGSP) that addresses these challenges by employing a highly elastic spandex substrate with silver fiber conductive fabric for improved wearability, and by utilizing a genetic algorithm with HFSS-MATLAB co-simulation to optimize the grid geometry, achieving an average tensile sensitivity of 0.234. Antenna prototypes were fabricated via a hot-pressing process and subjected to tensile testing. Experimental results indicate that the fabricated antenna exhibits a maximum stretch ratio of 30%, matching the elasticity of human skin. It achieves a sensitivity of 0.22 with excellent linearity (<i>R²</i>=0.997). When deployed on human joints, the sensor shows repeatable resonant frequency shifts of 100&#xa0;MHz (wrist) and 130&#xa0;MHz (knee) under bending angles up to 90°, Comprehensive cyclic and fatigue testing confirm its reliability for long-term motion monitoring. Additionally, SAR analysis confirms compliance with safety standards. This work provides a comfortable, sensitive, and reliable wireless sensing solution for joint motion tracking, with potential applications in rehabilitation and remote health monitoring.</p>

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A Meander-Grid Stretchable Patch Antenna Sensor for Wireless Monitoring of Joint Motion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Yun Xu,
  • Yue Dong,
  • Hao Wu,
  • Zhi Song,
  • Yanbing Xue

摘要

Stretchable patch antennas, as wireless and passive sensors, offer a promising alternative to conventional strain sensors for joint motion monitoring. However, existing designs often suffer from wearing discomfort and limited sensitivity. This paper presents a meander-grid stretchable patch antenna (MGSP) that addresses these challenges by employing a highly elastic spandex substrate with silver fiber conductive fabric for improved wearability, and by utilizing a genetic algorithm with HFSS-MATLAB co-simulation to optimize the grid geometry, achieving an average tensile sensitivity of 0.234. Antenna prototypes were fabricated via a hot-pressing process and subjected to tensile testing. Experimental results indicate that the fabricated antenna exhibits a maximum stretch ratio of 30%, matching the elasticity of human skin. It achieves a sensitivity of 0.22 with excellent linearity (R²=0.997). When deployed on human joints, the sensor shows repeatable resonant frequency shifts of 100 MHz (wrist) and 130 MHz (knee) under bending angles up to 90°, Comprehensive cyclic and fatigue testing confirm its reliability for long-term motion monitoring. Additionally, SAR analysis confirms compliance with safety standards. This work provides a comfortable, sensitive, and reliable wireless sensing solution for joint motion tracking, with potential applications in rehabilitation and remote health monitoring.