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<p>This research proposed a single port microwave sensor designed for permittivity detection of both solid and vegetable samples, utilizing an Electric Field Coupled (ELC) resonator combined with an Interdigital Capacitor (IDC) structure. The sensor operates at a centre frequency of 1.9&#xa0;GHz and adopts a single-port configuration with a reflection coefficient (S₁₁) maintained below − 10 dB. Permittivity measurement is achieved using perturbation theory, where a shift in the resonant frequency occurs when a material is introduced into the sensing region. This sensing region is defined by the location of maximum electric field concentration within the resonator. A polynomial fitting equation, derived from measurements on known dielectric materials with permittivity values ranging from 1 to 9.8, is used to estimate the permittivity of vegetable samples. The proposed sensor demonstrates high performance, with a measured accuracy of 98.94%, normalized sensitivity of 0.69%, and a frequency deviation rate (FDR) of 0.014&#xa0;GHz. These results indicate that the sensor offers reliable and precise permittivity detection, particularly for vegetable s materials. Therefore, the proposed microwave sensor is well-suited for food-related applications, such as evaluating the quality and freshness of perishable vegetable goods.</p>

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A Single-Port Microwave Sensor Based on Interdigital Capacitor and Electromagnetic Coupled Structure for Permittivity Detection of Vegetables Materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Fitri Kurnia Sari,
  • Syah Alam,
  • Indra Surjati,
  • R. Deiny Mardian,
  • Lydia Sari,
  • Muhammad Nugrah Kusumah,
  • Teguh Firmansyah,
  • Dwi Astuti Cahyasiwi,
  • Zahriladha Zakaria,
  • Noor Azwan Shairi

摘要

This research proposed a single port microwave sensor designed for permittivity detection of both solid and vegetable samples, utilizing an Electric Field Coupled (ELC) resonator combined with an Interdigital Capacitor (IDC) structure. The sensor operates at a centre frequency of 1.9 GHz and adopts a single-port configuration with a reflection coefficient (S₁₁) maintained below − 10 dB. Permittivity measurement is achieved using perturbation theory, where a shift in the resonant frequency occurs when a material is introduced into the sensing region. This sensing region is defined by the location of maximum electric field concentration within the resonator. A polynomial fitting equation, derived from measurements on known dielectric materials with permittivity values ranging from 1 to 9.8, is used to estimate the permittivity of vegetable samples. The proposed sensor demonstrates high performance, with a measured accuracy of 98.94%, normalized sensitivity of 0.69%, and a frequency deviation rate (FDR) of 0.014 GHz. These results indicate that the sensor offers reliable and precise permittivity detection, particularly for vegetable s materials. Therefore, the proposed microwave sensor is well-suited for food-related applications, such as evaluating the quality and freshness of perishable vegetable goods.