<p>A complex interplay of chemical, physical, and material science concepts is essential to gas sensing, a vital technology for a wide range of applications from environmental monitoring to healthcare. Although these fields form the foundation of the underlying mechanisms, mathematics is the essential language that characterizes, forecasts, optimizes, and ultimately interprets the complex behaviour of gas sensors. From simulating basic interactions to sophisticated data analytics, this exclusive review explores the diverse role of mathematics in gas sensing. Examined the ways in which mathematical frameworks are used to model sensor responses, comprehend gas-surface interactions, optimize design parameters, derive valuable information from complicated signals, and deal with the inherent difficulties of drift, noise, and selectivity. This article emphasizes the crucial and frequently overlooked role that mathematics plays in advancing the field of gas sensing technology by outlining important mathematical concepts and their effects on sensor performance.</p>