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<p>Paralysis impacts 5.6&#xa0;million people worldwide and significantly increases the risk of developing pressure ulcers resulting from continuous skin pressure over bony areas. These ulcers not only inflict considerable suffering and health risks to the patients but also strain health care systems, as their costs are estimated to be 2.5 times higher than prevention and 3 times higher than total treatment. This work fills this critical gap by proposing an efficient, environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and inexpensive capacitive pressure sensor (CPS) system for pressure ulcer prevention in paralyzed patients. The sensor is fabricated of electronic waste (e-waste), in which the graphite powder derived from used electronic cells is regarded as the active material of a capacitor and is incorporated into a fabric cloth as the substrate. The conductive paste is carefully sintered to ensure strong adhesion and optimal conductivity for reliable sensor performance. This CPS is mounted on the soft substrate mattresses (beds) of paralyzed patients to detect when the patient is at risk of developing bedsores. If pressure is applied for a long time, the system produces a buzzer sound, and the alert is sent to the caregiver’s mobile device to remind the patient to reposition on time. The sensor is characterized using a Two-axis Force platform, showing a response rate of 0.05&#xa0;s and a recovery time of 0.04&#xa0;s. The 25,000-cycle test supported the sensor’s effectiveness, long-term usage, durability, and identification of high levels of pressure fluctuation. It grapples with the critical problems of cost, reliability, and patient welfare; it is a potentially more effective way of enhancing patient care quality while lessening the overall burden on healthcare organizations and reducing e-waste.</p>

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Development of Low-Cost Fabric-Integrated Capacitive Pressure Sensors for Real-Time Pressure Monitoring and Ulcer Prevention

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月12日

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  • Muhammad Farhan,
  • Munawar Arshad,
  • Abdul Hanan Taqi,
  • Samra Shaheen,
  • Humberto Cabrera,
  • K. H. Ibnaouf,
  • Muhammad Qasim Mehmood

摘要

Paralysis impacts 5.6 million people worldwide and significantly increases the risk of developing pressure ulcers resulting from continuous skin pressure over bony areas. These ulcers not only inflict considerable suffering and health risks to the patients but also strain health care systems, as their costs are estimated to be 2.5 times higher than prevention and 3 times higher than total treatment. This work fills this critical gap by proposing an efficient, environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and inexpensive capacitive pressure sensor (CPS) system for pressure ulcer prevention in paralyzed patients. The sensor is fabricated of electronic waste (e-waste), in which the graphite powder derived from used electronic cells is regarded as the active material of a capacitor and is incorporated into a fabric cloth as the substrate. The conductive paste is carefully sintered to ensure strong adhesion and optimal conductivity for reliable sensor performance. This CPS is mounted on the soft substrate mattresses (beds) of paralyzed patients to detect when the patient is at risk of developing bedsores. If pressure is applied for a long time, the system produces a buzzer sound, and the alert is sent to the caregiver’s mobile device to remind the patient to reposition on time. The sensor is characterized using a Two-axis Force platform, showing a response rate of 0.05 s and a recovery time of 0.04 s. The 25,000-cycle test supported the sensor’s effectiveness, long-term usage, durability, and identification of high levels of pressure fluctuation. It grapples with the critical problems of cost, reliability, and patient welfare; it is a potentially more effective way of enhancing patient care quality while lessening the overall burden on healthcare organizations and reducing e-waste.