Why do so few girls aspire for a technology career? The role of social influence, motivational factors, and stereotypes
摘要
Despite living in a digital age, the lack of diversity among adolescents aspiring to pursue careers in technology is of ongoing concern, particularly due to the low numbers of girls. In this study, we investigate gender differences among 1,658 14/15-year-old Danish students’ (49% girls) technology career aspirations and provide insights into factors that shape these aspirations. While previous research has mainly concentrated on science or STEM as a monolith, we specifically focus on technology, a case within the broader STEM field where the gender gap is especially pronounced. Scholars have argued that gender disparities in STEM aspirations can be attributed to stereotypes; this study offers nuanced perspectives on the types of stereotypes contributing to this gap. We applied a series of stepwise regression models and an Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method to examine whether gender differences in students’ perceptions of IT professionals, perceived parental and peer attitudes, technology-related activities in homes and families, and motivational factors mediate gender differences in students’ aspirations for a technology career. The results from our analysis showed (1) substantial and significant gender differences favoring boys in students’ technology aspirations, (2) that gender differences in students’ interest, utility value, and perceived parental attitudes toward technology are the most influential variables in explaining the gender gap, and (3) that students’ perceptions of IT professionals, technology-related activities in homes and families, competence beliefs, and perceived peer attitudes did not have a statistically significant influence on the gender gap in technology aspirations when considering students’ perceived parental attitudes, interest, and utility value.