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<p>Information on the evolution of latitudinal profiles of the solar wind speed and density is one of the important elements needed to understand global observations of heliospheric neutral and charged particle populations performed by NASA’s integrated heliospheric observatory Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP). This information is provided by the GLObal solar Wind Structure (GLOWS) experiment. GLOWS is a single-pixel Lyman-<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> photometer that observes the heliospheric backscatter glow emitted by interstellar neutral (ISN) H inside the heliosphere, illuminated by the solar Lyman-<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> emission. GLOWS features a specially designed optical entrance system with a baffle, collimator, and interference filter; a channeltron-based photon event detector; a digital processing unit (DPU) with custom-designed software that registers photon events and assembles lightcurves; a front-end electronics block that interfaces the detector and DPU; and the necessary power and voltage distribution system. Due to charge-exchange between ISN H and the solar wind, the helioglow bears imprints of the solar wind structure. Analysis of lightcurves observed daily along Sun-centered circles with a 75° radius in the sky yields profiles of intensities of the charge exchange reaction, which are decomposed into solar wind speed and density profiles at a Carrington period cadence. With them, it is possible to infer the shape of the heliosphere and its variation during the solar cycle and to determine the attenuation through re-ionization of energetic neutral atom fluxes between the ENA creation sites in the inner heliosheath and the IMAP ENA detectors.</p>

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GLObal Solar Wind Structure (GLOWS)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Maciej Bzowski,
  • Roman Wawrzaszek,
  • Marek Strumik,
  • Jȩdrzej Baran,
  • Tomasz Barciński,
  • Kamil Ber,
  • Waldemar Bujwan,
  • Maciej Daukszo,
  • Kamil Jasiński,
  • Grzegorz Juchnikowski,
  • Przemyslaw Kazmierczak,
  • Izabela Kowalska-Leszczyńska,
  • Tomasz Kowalski,
  • Marzena Kubiak,
  • Jakub Ma̧dry,
  • Aleksandra Mirońska,
  • Karol Mostowy,
  • Piotr Orleański,
  • Czesław Porowski,
  • Jakub Półtorak,
  • Tomasz Rajkowski,
  • Joanna Rothkaehl,
  • Tomasz Rudnicki,
  • Aliaksandra Shmyk,
  • Adam Sikorski,
  • Michał Turek,
  • Marek Winkler,
  • Katarzyna Wojciechowska,
  • Tomasz Zawistowski,
  • Hans J. Fahr,
  • Uwe Nass,
  • Piotr Osica,
  • Karolina Wielgos,
  • Alexander Gottwald,
  • Hendrik Kaser,
  • Mark Krzyzagorski,
  • Marek Antoniak,
  • Marcin Drobik,
  • Grzegorz Gajoch,
  • Tomasz Martyniak,
  • Rafał Żogała,
  • Andrzej Bartnik,
  • Henryk Fiedorowicz,
  • Tomasz Fok,
  • Mateusz Majszyk,
  • Przemysław Wachulak,
  • Martyna Wardzińska,
  • Łukasz Wȩgrzyński,
  • Robert Kosturek,
  • Carlos Urdiales,
  • Mark Tapley,
  • Susan Pope,
  • Daniel B. Reisenfeld,
  • Matina Gkioulidou,
  • Nathan A. Schwadron,
  • Eric R. Christian,
  • David J. McComas

摘要

Information on the evolution of latitudinal profiles of the solar wind speed and density is one of the important elements needed to understand global observations of heliospheric neutral and charged particle populations performed by NASA’s integrated heliospheric observatory Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP). This information is provided by the GLObal solar Wind Structure (GLOWS) experiment. GLOWS is a single-pixel Lyman- α $\alpha $ photometer that observes the heliospheric backscatter glow emitted by interstellar neutral (ISN) H inside the heliosphere, illuminated by the solar Lyman- α $\alpha $ emission. GLOWS features a specially designed optical entrance system with a baffle, collimator, and interference filter; a channeltron-based photon event detector; a digital processing unit (DPU) with custom-designed software that registers photon events and assembles lightcurves; a front-end electronics block that interfaces the detector and DPU; and the necessary power and voltage distribution system. Due to charge-exchange between ISN H and the solar wind, the helioglow bears imprints of the solar wind structure. Analysis of lightcurves observed daily along Sun-centered circles with a 75° radius in the sky yields profiles of intensities of the charge exchange reaction, which are decomposed into solar wind speed and density profiles at a Carrington period cadence. With them, it is possible to infer the shape of the heliosphere and its variation during the solar cycle and to determine the attenuation through re-ionization of energetic neutral atom fluxes between the ENA creation sites in the inner heliosheath and the IMAP ENA detectors.