<p>Conventional Theory of Change (ToC) frameworks systematically break down in governance contexts characterized by value pluralism, power asymmetries, and institutional fragmentation. This paper develops an integrated Critical, Soft, and Drama (CSD) systems framework as a methodological response, illustrated through diagnostic application to Indonesia’s creative economy governance from 2020 to 2025. Building on the multimethodology tradition, the framework combines Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH) for boundary critique, Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) for problem structuring, and Drama Theory (DT) for strategic dilemma analysis within a recursive analytical cycle. The empirical base comprises thirty nine semi structured interviews conducted across five Indonesian provinces with creative MSME practitioners, intermediary associations, and government officials at division head level (Eselon III) or above, triangulated with policy documents, field observation notes, and public discussion records. CSH is operationalized through Ulrich’s twelve boundary questions in is/ought form, SSM through Steps 1 to 4, and DT in a diagnostic mode. The boundary critique reveals four interlocking exclusion mechanisms across motivation, control, knowledge, and legitimation. The SSM analysis yields nine conceptual subsystems organized into a three layer governance architecture. The Drama Theory analysis distinguishes four dilemma types, namely cooperation, trust, threat, and positioning, that account for the persistence of collectively suboptimal outcomes despite shared rhetorical commitments. The contribution is principally methodological. The nine conceptual subsystems serve as diagnostic scaffolding for the design of adaptive governance arrangements. Future action research will extend this foundation by operationalizing SSM Steps 5 to 7 and Drama Theory’s negotiation facilitation toolkit.</p>

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Where Does Theory of Change Break Down in Indonesia’s Creative Economy Governance? A Critical, Soft, and Drama Systems Lens

  • Aghnia Nadhira Aliya Putri,
  • Pri Hermawan,
  • Isti Raafaldini Mirzanti,
  • Maureen Meadows,
  • Folajimi Ashiru

摘要

Conventional Theory of Change (ToC) frameworks systematically break down in governance contexts characterized by value pluralism, power asymmetries, and institutional fragmentation. This paper develops an integrated Critical, Soft, and Drama (CSD) systems framework as a methodological response, illustrated through diagnostic application to Indonesia’s creative economy governance from 2020 to 2025. Building on the multimethodology tradition, the framework combines Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH) for boundary critique, Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) for problem structuring, and Drama Theory (DT) for strategic dilemma analysis within a recursive analytical cycle. The empirical base comprises thirty nine semi structured interviews conducted across five Indonesian provinces with creative MSME practitioners, intermediary associations, and government officials at division head level (Eselon III) or above, triangulated with policy documents, field observation notes, and public discussion records. CSH is operationalized through Ulrich’s twelve boundary questions in is/ought form, SSM through Steps 1 to 4, and DT in a diagnostic mode. The boundary critique reveals four interlocking exclusion mechanisms across motivation, control, knowledge, and legitimation. The SSM analysis yields nine conceptual subsystems organized into a three layer governance architecture. The Drama Theory analysis distinguishes four dilemma types, namely cooperation, trust, threat, and positioning, that account for the persistence of collectively suboptimal outcomes despite shared rhetorical commitments. The contribution is principally methodological. The nine conceptual subsystems serve as diagnostic scaffolding for the design of adaptive governance arrangements. Future action research will extend this foundation by operationalizing SSM Steps 5 to 7 and Drama Theory’s negotiation facilitation toolkit.