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<p>The Granular Pile Anchored (GPA) technique was designed to provide a solution for preserving the stability of lightweight structures constructed on expansive soils. In our study, we used finite element modeling (FEM) with Plaxis 3D to simulate a full-scale GPA with varying lengths and diameters, which were then subjected to heave and uplift forces within expansive soil of varying thickness layers. The outcomes highlighted the effectiveness of GPA in reducing soil heave. However, it was evident that GPA’s performance was determined by its length and diameter, as these factors enhanced the frictional resistance area of GPA. In conclusion, the rate at which the GPA resistance to heave increased was found to decrease when the length of GPA extended into non-expansive soil. This was due to the inability of non-expansive soil, as opposed to expansive soil, to contribute to the lateral confining pressure on GPA.</p>

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Investigating the Degree of Improvement Achieved by Using GPA as an Improvement Technique for Unsaturated Expansive Soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Wael M. Albadri,
  • Israa J. Alhani

摘要

The Granular Pile Anchored (GPA) technique was designed to provide a solution for preserving the stability of lightweight structures constructed on expansive soils. In our study, we used finite element modeling (FEM) with Plaxis 3D to simulate a full-scale GPA with varying lengths and diameters, which were then subjected to heave and uplift forces within expansive soil of varying thickness layers. The outcomes highlighted the effectiveness of GPA in reducing soil heave. However, it was evident that GPA’s performance was determined by its length and diameter, as these factors enhanced the frictional resistance area of GPA. In conclusion, the rate at which the GPA resistance to heave increased was found to decrease when the length of GPA extended into non-expansive soil. This was due to the inability of non-expansive soil, as opposed to expansive soil, to contribute to the lateral confining pressure on GPA.