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<p>This article explores how upright posture functions as a cultural norm deeply embedded in language, values, and institutions. Drawing on George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory, we show how verticality schemas shape thought and discourse by associating “up” with dignity, autonomy, and competence, while “down” signals weakness and inferiority. These metaphorical structures influence on institutions like architecture, rehabilitation practices, and social security systems, privileging standing bodies and marginalizing wheelchair users. To examine the lived impact of this norm, we analyze qualitative interview data from fifteen Finnish wheelchair users. Their experiences reveal how being below eye level signifies inequality and how rehabilitation often enforces uprightness. The wheelchair emerges as a cultural symbol of deviation, reinforcing ableist hierarchies. This article argues that human dignity should not depend on upright posture. We call for action that respects bodily diversity and challenges the cultural privilege of standing.</p>

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The Upright Position of the Human Body: An Innocent Metaphorical Tool or a Yardstick of Dignity?

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Pauli Rautiainen,
  • Maija Aalto-Heinilä,
  • Karoliina Ahonen

摘要

This article explores how upright posture functions as a cultural norm deeply embedded in language, values, and institutions. Drawing on George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory, we show how verticality schemas shape thought and discourse by associating “up” with dignity, autonomy, and competence, while “down” signals weakness and inferiority. These metaphorical structures influence on institutions like architecture, rehabilitation practices, and social security systems, privileging standing bodies and marginalizing wheelchair users. To examine the lived impact of this norm, we analyze qualitative interview data from fifteen Finnish wheelchair users. Their experiences reveal how being below eye level signifies inequality and how rehabilitation often enforces uprightness. The wheelchair emerges as a cultural symbol of deviation, reinforcing ableist hierarchies. This article argues that human dignity should not depend on upright posture. We call for action that respects bodily diversity and challenges the cultural privilege of standing.