The Evaporation of the Signifier: Law, Semiotics, and AI’s Hollow Texts
摘要
This article proposes the concept of the evaporation of the signifier as the defining semiotic crisis of law in the age of generative artificial intelligence. Semiotic traditions have long recognised that law rests upon the fragile architecture of signs: Saussure’s arbitrary signifier, Peirce’s interpretant, Barthes’ myth, Eco’s codes, Derrida’s undecidability, and Baudrillard’s simulations. Legal semiotics, developed through the work of Anne Wagner and others, has emphasised that law’s authority is always mediated by instability, cultural depth, and ritual form. Yet generative artificial intelligence produces signifiers in endless profusion without anchorage in signifieds, interpretants, or communities of interpretation. It generates judgments without hesitation, decisions without responsibility, and legal forms without authority. This article argues that such machinic production dissolves the very semiotic conditions that sustain law, inaugurating what may be described as hyperlegality: a circulation of hollow forms that appear binding but lack symbolic weight. Against this evaporation, the paper advances the concept of a jurisprudence of anchorage, proposing practices of hesitation, affirmation, dissent, and inefficiency that can tether law’s signs once more to responsibility.