<p>This study examines how gender homophily is associated with the spatial reach of knowledge spillovers and further investigates the moderating roles of the geographical boundary-spanning capabilities (GBSC) of knowledge creators and recipients. Using USPTO patent citation data spanning 1976–2015, we classify knowledge spillovers into four distinct pathways based on the gender composition of creators and recipients: two homophilous pathways (M → M and F → F) and two heterophilous pathways (M → F and F → M). The results reveal clear evidence of gender homophily in knowledge spillover patterns, with homophilous pathways exhibiting systematically shorter spillover distances, and the F → F pathway showing the strongest localization effect. Further analysis shows that as creators’ GBSC increases, the overall likelihood of long-distance knowledge spillovers rises; however, homophilous pathways remain more strongly constrained by proximity and are less responsive to increases in GBSC, whereas heterophilous pathways respond more strongly, thereby widening the spillover distance gap between the two. In contrast, recipients’ GBSC generates gender-asymmetric effects by expanding the scope of knowledge search: pathway distance differences tend to converge for male recipients, while they further widen for female recipients because long-distance knowledge is more likely to originate from male creators. By documenting substantial spatial heterogeneity in gendered knowledge spillover pathways, this study provides new empirical evidence of gender inequality in knowledge flows within innovation networks and offers important implications for policies aimed at promoting more equitable knowledge diffusion.</p>