<p>Natural history museums (NHMs), once seen as elitist and colonial institutions, are now redefining their roles as agents for change and transformation in society. Many are committed to social justice, equity, and community engagement, which establishes them as significant cultural and educational entities. These museums often serve as hubs for scientific research and provide a uniquely authentic environment that promotes public engagement in scientific inquiry and exploration. Through their various initiatives, NHMs not only enhance the public’s understanding of scientific principles but also act as vital spaces for addressing broader societal issues, such as Social Justice (SJ). This study focused on the ways in which the intersection between Nature of Science (NOS) and SJ is presented in NHMs exhibitions, and in particular “The Changing Face of Science” series at The Field Museum in Chicago, USA. We collected data from museum signages and conducted a content analysis of four exhibitions presented in the museum. Our analysis was framed through the lens of NOS, and centered on the intersection of social-institutional aspects and SJ. The findings serve to develop a 7-category framework that characterizes this intersection and show how museum exhibitions can convey the relationships between science and societal issues. This framework contributes to the discourse on informal science education by demonstrating how NHMs integrate NOS and SJ, thereby promoting a more comprehensive and socially conscious understanding of science.</p>