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<p>This paper evaluates the role of rural social and contextual embeddedness in shaping entrepreneurial outcomes. Drawing on the theoretical framework of mixed embeddedness, we examine whether immigrant concentration is associated with business exit rates and how this relationship is conditioned by rurality. Using a panel dataset of US counties from 2010 to 2019, we find that immigrant concentration is positively associated with business exits overall, but this relationship is moderated by rurality: in rural areas, higher immigrant concentration is linked to moderately lower exit rates. These findings suggest that the embedded social and contextual features of some rural communities may mitigate business vulnerabilities otherwise observed in more urbanized settings. Our results contribute to research on rural entrepreneurship by highlighting the social and contextual factors that shape the likelihood of business exit and to immigrant entrepreneurship by demonstrating how local environments may influence the survival of immigrant-led ventures. We also offer implications for place-based policy aimed at strengthening rural economies through inclusive support systems.&#xa0;</p>

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Immigrant communities and rural entrepreneurship: the double-edged dynamics of business exits in rural America

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Joshua V. White,
  • Kris Irwin,
  • Cameron J. Borgholthaus,
  • Jeffrey Cavanaugh

摘要

This paper evaluates the role of rural social and contextual embeddedness in shaping entrepreneurial outcomes. Drawing on the theoretical framework of mixed embeddedness, we examine whether immigrant concentration is associated with business exit rates and how this relationship is conditioned by rurality. Using a panel dataset of US counties from 2010 to 2019, we find that immigrant concentration is positively associated with business exits overall, but this relationship is moderated by rurality: in rural areas, higher immigrant concentration is linked to moderately lower exit rates. These findings suggest that the embedded social and contextual features of some rural communities may mitigate business vulnerabilities otherwise observed in more urbanized settings. Our results contribute to research on rural entrepreneurship by highlighting the social and contextual factors that shape the likelihood of business exit and to immigrant entrepreneurship by demonstrating how local environments may influence the survival of immigrant-led ventures. We also offer implications for place-based policy aimed at strengthening rural economies through inclusive support systems.