National environmental regulations and green market participation by SMEs
摘要
Building on institutional economics, this study posits that green market participation is shaped by the level and changes in national environmental regulatory stringency. Empirically, we rely on data from 10,124 small- and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises across 26 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. After controlling for several firm- and country-level variables, the findings indicate that in countries with stringent environmental regulations, the relationship between increased regulatory stringency and green market participation by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) follows an inverted-U shape. Conversely, in countries with more lenient environmental regulations, the relationship exhibits a U-shaped form. The paper concludes by outlining the implications for both theory and practice.