Banal statism: toward a theory of the normalized state in everyday life
摘要
This article introduces the concept of banal statism to describe the routinized, normalized presence of the state in everyday life: a presence so pervasive that it becomes effectively invisible. Drawing inspiration from Michael Billig’s banal nationalism, the theory of banal statism conceptualizes how state authority is subtly reproduced through bureaucratic rituals, regulatory documents, spatial infrastructure, and digital governance platforms. Rather than focusing on state coercion, crisis, or ideology, this framework emphasizes how mundane interactions with the state (such as filling forms, presenting IDs, assembling documents, or navigating online portals) sustain its legitimacy and authority through habituated practice. Integrating insights from political sociology, anthropology of the state, and institutional theory, the article identifies key mechanisms of banal statism: documentation, bureaucratic ritual, spatial embedding, and affective neutrality. Empirical illustrations range from post-socialist societies to liberal democracies, including pandemic-era governance and refugee bureaucracies. This theory bridges macro-structural understandings of the state with micro-level performativity, offering a middle-range conceptual tool to analyze the non-spectacular reproduction of state power. In doing so, banal statism contributes to a more complete sociological theory of the state – one that captures more than its dramatic expressions, concentrating on its quiet endurance in everyday life.