РУССКИЕ УКАЗАТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ КАК МАРКЕРЫ ЧУЖОЙ РЕЧИ

Based on the data from of the Russian National Corpus (RNC), a special class of markers of reported speech was considered – the so called “representatives” (other possible terms are “pronouns of deconcretization” or “prolocutive pronouns”). When transmitting someone else’s speech, representatives act as substitutes for a certain fragment of discourse, which during the transmission is subject to deliberate reduction. In Russian, representatives are formed mainly on the basis of distal demonstratives. The main pattern is a coordinate phrase with a reduplication of the pronoun – with the particle -to or (less often) without it: takoj-to i takoi-to ‘such and such’, tot-to i tot-to ‘that and that’, etc. Basing on the corpus data, the nomenclature of representatives and their main structural properties are specified. The syntactics and prosody of one of the most frequent representatives – tak-to i tak-to ‘so and so’ – have been studied in detail. It is shown that this representative, like all others, can be integrated into the clausal structure (Skazal, chto postupit tak-to i tak-to ‘He said that he will act so and so’). However, along with this – standard for a representative – behavior, tak-to i tak-to acts as a discourse marker projecting a quote (I skazala: «Tak i tak. Ne zhelayu s vami vodit’sya!» ‘And she said the following: “I don’t want to mess with you!”’; lit. ‘And she said: “So and so. I don’t want to mess with you!”’). In this case, tak-to i tak-to obtains the structural autonomy (it is disintegrated from the clausal structure) as well as the prosodic autonomy (it constitutes a separate intonation phrase having its own phrasal accent and being separated from the neighboring discourse material by prosodic brakes). The autonomous projective tak-to i tak-to signals (a) that someone else’s speech will follow; and (b) that the narrator abdicates responsibility for the completeness and accuracy of the reported speech, subjecting it to deliberate reduction. A pilot review of the parallel subcorpus of the RNC showed that not only in Russian, but also in a number of other languages, reduplicated demonstrative pronouns can be used as representatives. As a rule, such pronouns are built into the clausal structure, but can also be used autonomously, e.g. as projectors of a reduced quotation. At the same time, languages ​​demonstrate significant diversity in the choice of strategies for using representative pronouns.